First- c.3500 BC Invention of the wheel and plough in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq); invention of the sail in Egypt: three fundamental inventions for trade, agriculture and exploration.
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Second- c.3200 BC Invention of writing in Mesopotamia: the means to record and understand human history.
Third- c.3000 BC Founding of the first cities in Sumeria (present-day Iraq): origin of modern social and administrative structures.
Historical Place